What Are The Career Options After PhD????

I am receiving many emails from young researchers and students, who took chemistry as major subject in their course, to know what to do after graduation or what are the possible options to make better career, etc. I know, one feels confused in choosing the career path after finishing his/her graduation. Therefore, I was thinking to write a brief and general write-up on this matter based on my experience. Fortunately, here is an interesting career guidelines link, that I found randomly. Taking some important points mentioned in this link, I tried to discuss by putting some of my views in my following description. I hope it will be a helpful information for many aspirants.
 

As mentioned in this link, depending on one's individual interest, he/she can choose following major options after PhD.
 

A fresh student have number of options, following are major options

1. Academic job in india (scientist/professor), earlier this is least preferred. Nowadays this profession also have reasonable salary with stable and tension free life. Only difficulty is to compete globally due number of reasons including working hands are PhD student rather than PDF.
2. PDF abroad, most preferred option so far, after reading status of PDF on forum/blog, some PhD students feel they are living better life during PhD than PDF abroad.
3. Joining private company in India, lot of students feel this is black box. Much more insecure than PDF, most of company are not doing great research so their is chance that student will not grow.

Although first option (Academics) is good, but it is not so easy to go for it just after finishing PhD. Because nowadays expectations are very high for academic jobs in India. So to start with, let me take the option of going for postdoctoral job after PhD. In the above said link, author has put some following points on purpose of doing postdoctoral research in abroad.

1. High salary (comparison to indian salary).
2. Status in society (complexity problem, person is considered superior if working abroad).
3. Exposure (opportunity to work with reputed scientist).
4. Good publications etc.

To some extent I agree with him, but purpose of doing postdoctoral research in abroad is not just for high status in society or for high salary. It is actually an opportunity to learn how to become an independent researcher. One should learn, how to propose new research idea, how to create some new direction for ongoing research and also to get publications. One should not go for PDF, just because his/her senior has gone to do. There are many laboratories in abroad where, Professors ask a proposed research plan on which the person wants to work. For that one needs deep understanding on what's the current area of research in that lab and what new ideas can be implemented to redirect or to progress the ongoing research in that lab. Accordingly one should make a research proposal. This is what many postdocs working in NIH and NSF projects are told to do, before joining the research group in US. Same is the case for JSPS postdoctoral program in Japan also. Next question, how to get or how to apply for postdoctoral position?? Actually there are some links (You can find those links in my blog), in which one can see postdoctoral job advertisements. Otherwise, easiest way is, get the contact address of Professors from research papers and send an inquiry email, containing a cover letter and CV, asking for postdoctoral position. The cover letter should include brief description of your current research interests, purpose of joining that research group and career goals.

Coming to third option, Industrial jobs (Pharmaceutical/Biotech companies). Although industrial jobs are considered as mindless repetitive tasks, but due to high pay scale, more and more students are attracted towards these jobs. Unfortunately it is triumph of materialism that has infected every part of our culture, but not a bad option to choose. Basically there are two type of chemical companies in India, that is Generics and CROs (Contract research organizations). First type of companies are working on production and marketing of generic drugs, where as CROs are service based companies, manufacturing and supplying active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), bulk drug intermediates and other chemical intermediates to bigger pharma companies abroad (Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, etc), to fasten the drug development process. Regardless of what type of products they are making, both companies need well trained chemists to work in their R & D and process development units. A person with good exposure to advanced synthetic reactions, multistep synthesis, analytical techniques and with handling experience of scientific instruments have greater demand in these companies. One can join these companies just after PhD or he/she can spare 1-2 years in abroad as postdoctoral researcher and then go for these kind of jobs. To lead a comfortable life this option is always better.

I tried to explain all the points as career guidance for future aspirants after PhD. Please leave your comments or share your views on how you found this information. Also if you have any question, please don't forget to post below, so that we can discuss further if needed.